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  • Classification of medical devices

    Yes, you are right. Separately, those elements do not need a medical device file, but, once they are all put together, technical details must be a part of the Medical device file for the X-ray system. It means that at least the following must be covered:

    • technical drawings
    • materials from which it is made of
    • What risks do the elements in question have on the patient, ie on the accuracy of performing the diagnostic procedure
    • any other safety issues

    • VA-PT testing

      Such threats and loopholes are basically the same commonly used as references for VA-PT testing. For example, according to OWASP top 10 for web applications they are:

      • Broken Access Control
      • Cryptographic Failures
      • Injection
      • Insecure Design
      • Security Misconfiguration
      • Vulnerable and Outdated Components
      • Identification and Authentication Failures
      • Software and Data Integrity Failures
      • Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
      • Server-Side Request Forgery

      The main difference in their use is that such threats are applied against zero-day vulnerabilities, which are vulnerabilities either unknown to the organization (i.e., it does not know they should require mitigation) or known but for which a patch has not been developed yet.

      Until the zero-day vulnerabilities are mitigated, hackers can exploit them to compromise information security. For such situations, the application of control 6.1.4 Contact with special interest groups, for earlier identification of zero-day vulnerabilities, is highly recommended.

      These articles will provide you with a further explanation about OWASP and special interest groups:

      This material will also help you regarding OWAPS:

    • Business continuity plans in a larger company

      Please note that department-oriented plans (e.g., IT plan, Facilities plan, HR plan, etc.) are the easiest way for mid-size companies like yours.

      From our experience, the optimal structure for large companies is the following:

      • one top-level document called Business Continuity Plan, where you define the crisis management plan, and the general rules by which all continuity activities will abide, ensuring all plans are aligned.
      • separated Incident Response Plans for describing how you would respond to different incidents, covering related activities required by all areas of the organization.
      • recovery plans for describing how to recover each of your processes/departments/projects in case of a disruption, also covering related activities required by all areas of the organization. For IT operations this plan is commonly known as the Disaster Recovery Plan

      For more information, please see:

      This material will also help you regarding business continuity planning:

    • Cold Email

      Yes, cold emails are allowed under legitimate interest. If you have an email address of the procurement manager of a company that may be interested in your service, you are allowed to send a cold email because publishing the address on the company website as the referral for procurement affairs.

      Here you can find more information about legal basis:

      If you need to understand how to implement EU GDPR you may consider enrolling in our EU GDPR Foundations Course: https://advisera.com/training/eu-gdpr-foundations-course/

    • Preparing SoA

      ISO 27001 only requires that results of risk assessment are taken into account when defining risk treatment and SoA, not that the majority of controls must have risks as justification for applicability (this is not a common situation, so you should be prepared for some questioning from the auditor).

      Provided that in the SoA you refer to the most relevant identified risks it can be accepted for certification purposes.

    • Question on SOA

      ISO 27001 doesn't require you to specify objectives in the Statement of Applicability - you can use some other document for this purpose. However, we felt that listing objectives next to each control in SoA is the most practical solution.

      Regarding the objectives, to make it easier, you can specify the objectives for groups of controls, very similar to what is written in Annex A of ISO 27001.

      This article will provide you a further explanation about Statement of Applicability:
      - The importance of Statement of Applicability for ISO 27001 https://advisera.com/27001academy/knowledgebase/the-importance-of-statement-of-applicability-for-iso-27001/ 
      - ISO 27001 control objectives – Why are they important? https://advisera.com/27001academy/blog/2012/04/10/iso-27001-control-objectives-why-are-they-important/

    • Business continuity elements

      Provided the EHS’s ERP is relevant to ensure the continuity of the services and/or processes required for business continuity it can be part of the business continuity efforts.

      These articles will provide you a further explanation about business continuity planning:

      This material will also help you regarding business continuity planning:

    • Do we need MDR?

      Considering the definitions of what is a medical device (Article 2 Definitions), to my opinion this is not a medical device. For some device to be medical device, it has to have some of the following purposes: diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, prediction, prognosis, treatment or alleviation of disease.If I understand correctly your device, helps patients to feel more comfortable in the wheelchair, but it does not contribute to the healing of their health state.  

      If you look at your product from the point of view that your seating and brackets prevent developing pressure ulcers or similar skin changes, then it can be considered that seating and brackets are medical products. In that case, they are a class I medical device according to Rule 1 (Annex 8 Classification rules). In that case, it is necessary to implement the ISO 13485 Quality System and prepare the Technical Documentation in accordance with Annex 2 Technical documentation and Annex 3 Technical documentation for post-market surveillance.

      For more information, see:

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