Answer: There is no general single answer, since the impacts on information security confidentiality, integrity, or availability for each asset in your scope will vary depending upon the considered threats, which are to be identified during risk assessment. For example, for the asset "research and development information" the threat "fire" will have availability as the aspect most affected, while for the threat "unintentional change of data" the integrity is the most affect aspect.
The purpose of the product verification is to check whether the received product is compliant to the requirements for the product. Depending on the properties of the product, different measurements can be conducted to determine whether it complies to the requirements, it can be measuring dimensions, weight, etc.
Documentation requirements of clause 4.1, 4.2 and 6.1
Answer:
Clauses 4.1 and 4.2 of ISO 14001:2015 do not require any document to be made. Clause 6.1 requires organization to document risks and opportunities to be addressed and this can be done in a form of register. This register can be merged with one for environmental aspects but it would be better if it is separate register because the scope of assessment of environmental aspects and risks and opportunities is different. For more information, see: ISO 14001 risks and opportunities vs. environmental aspects https://advisera.com/14001academy/blog/2016/06/06/iso-14001-risks-and-opportunities-vs-environmental-aspects/
Interpretation of risks in ISO 14001
Answer:
By definition from ISO 14001, the risk is effect of uncertainty . The standard requires organization to identify and address risks and opportunities regarding environmental aspects, compliance obligations and other issues emerging from context of the organization.
The purpose of addressing risks and opportunities is to give assurance that the EMS (Environmental Management System) can achieve its intended outcomes, prevent, or reduce, undesired effects, including the potential for external environmental conditions to affect the organization and achieve continual improvement.
OHSAS 18001 doesn't define the qualification of internal auditor and it doesn't require internal auditors to attend internal auditor training, not even from the CB. The only requirement regarding the internal auditor is to ensure objectivity and impartiality of the audit process (clause 4.5.5).
Answer: The level of details to be included in a risk assessment will depend upon the context of the organization. The industry where the organization operates, the laws and regulations which it must comply, and the complexity of its products and services are the main aspects that will define which details you should consider. For example, aviation industry requires a high level of security, and risk details should provide enough information so the risks can be properly handled.
Answer: While SOC has the purpose to assist in reporting to customers that an organization has met established security criteria, ISO 27001 assists an organization in a broader way, by providing a framework which helps to ensure security criteria and controls that are established according organizations needs, and that they are properly verified and improved over the time. So, in a way, SOC is covered by ISO 27001, and you might tell them that by adopting ISO 27001 they will not only cover the reporting aspects of SOC but also will be able to justify any adjustments required by the business needs as well as respond properly to changes in the risk scenario and ineffective controls.