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ITIL and COBIT
Answer:
There is no cookbook how to do it. COBIT is IT governance framework and ITIL is IT service management framework. You can see COBIT as interface between company (and its strategy, goals, risks...) and IT services. ITIL should enable excellence in management of your IT services (throughout their lifecycle) and COBIT should enable alignment of the IT organization with the goals of the business.
COBIT is much broader than ITIL and ITIL goes much more in details. Ideally, they are implemented together to integrate business and IT services. -
Hazard analysis in iron steel making lan
Answer:
The process is the same regardless of the industry. First step in occupational hazard analysis is to determine the procedure for it that includes criteria for analysis that will tell you whether the hazard is significant or not. Then you need to conduct the analysis for each of the work places and see which are subjected to unacceptable hazards and what needs to be done to decrease the hazard and implement operational control.
For more information, see: How to identify and classify OH&S hazards https://advisera.com/18001academy/blog/2015/05/14/how-to-identify-and-classify-ohs-hazards/ -
How to calculate residual risk
Answer: Residual risk is the level of risk once you apply the controls - for example, if you had a risk that had a value of 9, and you applied controls so that impact and likelihood have decreased, then the level of residual risk could be e.g. 5.
By the way, usually the risks do not cause other risks - it is the threats and vulnerabilities that cause risks - see also this article: ISO 27001 risk assessment: How to match assets, threats and vulnerabilities https://advisera.com/27001academy/knowledgebase/iso-27001-risk-assessment-how-to-match-assets-threats-and-vulnerabilities/
This article is also helpful: Why is residual risk so important? https://advisera.com/27001academy/knowledgebase/why-is-residual-risk-so-important/ -
Process-based vs control-based audit
Answer: The audit process is not prescribed by any standard, so you can do it any way you feel is appropriate. In most cases, ISMS is audited per controls, not per processes, although you can do it per processes as well.
Did you see our free online training ISO 27001 Internal Auditor Course? It will explain you all the auditing techniques specific for ISO 27001: https://advisera.com/training/iso-27001-internal-auditor-course/ -
Performing risk analysis, SoA and RTP
Answer: These materials will help you with the detailed answers:
- Free ISO 27001 Gap Analysis Tool https://advisera.com/27001academy/free-iso-27001-gap-analysis-tool/
- articles on risk assessment and treatment: https://advisera.com/27001academy/knowledgebase-category/risk-management/ -
Threats vs vulnerabilities
Answer: Threat is something that can damage the confidentiality, integrity or availability of your information; vulnerability is a state of your assets, your systems, your organization, etc. that allows this threat to materialize. E.g. threat is malware, while lack of anti-virus software is a vulnerability.
You'll find more help here: ISO 27001 risk assessment: How to match assets, threats and vulnerabilities https://advisera.com/27001academy/knowledgebase/iso-27001-risk-assessment-how-to-match-assets-threats-and-vulnerabilities/
This Catalogue of threats and vulnerabilities will also help you: https://advisera.com/27001academy/knowledgebase/threats-vulnerabilities/ -
Roles and responsibilities according to ISO 9001
Answer:
The situation is more or less the same as it was in previous version of the standard, the only change is that the MR is no longer a mandatory role in the QMS. But according to my experience so far, most of the companies kept the MR as a role since he or she has the most profound knowledge of the standard and the QMS in the company. The fact that MR is no longer mandatory it doesn't mean it is forbidden and for most of the companies it is a most convenient way to address these requirements.
For more information, see: What will be the destiny of the management representative in the new ISO 9001:2015? https://advisera.com/9001academy/knowledgebase/what-will-be-the-destiny-of-the-management-representative-in-the-new-iso-90012015/ -
Frequency of internal audits
The entire QMS process need only be reviewed once over the course of your 3 year cycle. You need to have an audit plan though that shows that. A management review also needs to be held at some frequency, I would suggest minimum 1/year but better 1/qtr to review objectives -
Defining KPIs for OH&SMS
Answer:
A key performance indicator (KPI) is a measurement of a certain type of activity that a company or organization partakes in. When that measurement is a direct reflection on your workforce’s health and well-being that KPI can be used for measuring effectiveness of your OH&SMS (Occupational Health & Safety Management System).
Example of OHSAS 18001 KPI can be a number of injuries or near misses per day/week or per unit of product, etc. For more information, see: How to establish and evaluate key performance indicators for OHSAS 18001 https://advisera.com/18001academy/blog/2015/07/22/how-to-establish-and-evaluate-key-performance-indicators-for-ohsas-18001/ -
Evidence for clauses 4.1 and 4.2 in ISO 9001:2015
Answer:
Clause 4.1 Context of the organization will be the most difficult to evidence since there are no requirements to document any part of the context. The best way to audit this clause it through interview with the top management and see if they had used SWOT analysis or some other tool while identifying context but again this is not a mandatory record. For more information, see: How to identify the context of the organization in ISO 9001:2015 https://advisera.com/9001academy/knowledgebase/how-to-identify-the-context-of-the-organization-in-iso-90012015/
As for 4.2 Understanding needs and expectations of interested parties, there should be a list of interested parties and their requirements but again, it is not a mandatory documents so the best way to evidence this requirement is through interview. For more information, see: How to determine interested part ies and their requirements according to ISO 9001:2015 https://advisera.com/9001academy/blog/2015/11/10/how-to-determine-interested-parties-and-their-requirements-according-to-iso-90012015/