I'm not sure if I understood your question correctly, but ISO 27001 allows you to classify your information in any aspect you see fit for your company. Most companies classify their information in terms of confidentiality (i.e. how secret it is), and some companies classify their information in terms of availability (i.e. how quickly they need to get it).
Actually, ISO 27001 (nor ISO 27002) do not prescribe the frequency of changing the passwords - what ISO 27001 is saying is that you have to assess the risks related to access to your systems, and then based on the potential incidents decide what frequency would be appropriate.
The clause 8.4.3 d) requires organization to communicate to external providers its requirements for the external provider's interaction with the organization. This includes way of communication, way the product or service will be delivered by the provider, etc. This requirements are usually documented in contract or verbally between the organization and the external provider since documented information for this requirement is not mandatory.
Answer:
I am sorry but I am not sure what you mean. Anyway, with ISO 27001 you can manage the information security, and with ISO 22301 you can manage the business continuity. So, if your question is about how to manage the information security, basically you can implement ISO 27001, and this article can help you to do it “ISO 27001 implementation checklist” : https://advisera.com/27001academy/knowledgebase/iso-27001-implementation-checklist/
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I am not sure if your requirement is about information security risks, because you can also have financial risks, environmental risks, etc. ISO 31000 can help you to develop your own methodology for all risks (information security, financial, etc). So this methodology, aligned with ISO 31000 can be interesting for you “Risk Assessment and Risk Treatment Methodology” : https://advisera.com/27001academy/documentation/Risk-Assessment-and-Risk-Treatment-Methodology/
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Basically our recommendation is that you need to implement controls for major risks, and accept all the other risks that are not treated with controls. So, if you have major risks related to some of these 40 controls, you need to implement them (or accept risks) to avoid problems during the certification audit.
Furthermore you need to perform all steps related to the implementation of the standard (development of mandatory documents, the management review, the internal audit, corrective actions, etc). After this, you should get the certification after the treatment of the final findings of the final report.
The more certificates you have, and the more useful knowledge you have, the higher chances is that you'll find a job.
How to get experience - this heavily depends on the market where you work.
From which country should the certification body be?
Answer: You should select a certification body from your country that has the license (i.e. the accreditation) to work in your country. There are several factors you should take into account when selecting a certification body, please read this article: How to choose a certification body https://advisera.com/blog/2021/01/11/how-to-choose-an-iso-certification-body/