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I want to prepare for an ISO 27001 certification and decide to use the ISO 27005 risk management methodology. What steps are mandatory, and what is optional?
First is important to note that ISO 27005 is not a methodology, but a general framework for information security risk management.
It differs from ISO 27001 in the fact that ISO 27005 provides not only steps for the risk management process (e.g., risk assessment, risk evaluation, risk treatment, etc.), but options regarding on how to perform each step (e.g., qualitative or quantitative approach risk assessment). A specific set of options to perform the steps would be a methodology, so from ISO 27005, you can develop several different methodologies to perform the same steps.
Considering that, if by steps you talk about parts of the process, then all steps of ISO 27005 are required by ISO 27001. If by steps you refer on how to execute the process, you are free to choose between the approaches provided by ISO 27005 the options that better suits you, because ISO 27001 does not prescribe how to perform them.
Can I focus on asset impact instead of asset valuation when using ISO 27005 as the basis?
Considering the previous answer, you can use asset impact instead of asset valuation when performing risk assessment for ISO 27001 using the ISO 27005 framework